Sunday, April 5, 2020

The First Comprehensive History of Quarantine Orders in America


Quarantine Orders for the Port of Boston: 1721-1915

Maritime quarantine was a system designed to inspect, and if necessary quarantine passengers, crew and cargo to eliminate the threat of communicable disease. The port of Boston had the longest and most well documented history of quarantine of any American city with records dating back to the early 18th century. When the town's chief elected officials or Board of Health learned of epidemics in overseas ports or sister colonies, quarantine orders were issued that called for the inspection of vessels arriving from the affected ports. This practice was episodic in nature during the 18th century when smallpox was the primary threat. However, by the early 19th century, when yellow fever became  the primary maritime threat, quarantine orders were generally issued each summer season and terminated in late October or early December. No vessel could enter Boston unless the port physician or his assistant came on board each vessel and made the following inquiries:
  1. The Master's name
  2. Where he came from
  3. Number of days in passage
  4. Number of passengers
  5. Number of crew
  6. State of health on board
  7. Description of cargo
  8. Name of Consignees

Date of Quarantine Order

 

Affected Ports

Cause

Terminated

Duration in Days

Board of Health Function Managed by Boston Selectmen (1718-1799)
Sept 2, 1721 France 19 Plague Sept 1, 1724 1095
Sept 20, 1729 Ireland Smallpox Termination NS
Aug 25, 1733 Jamaica 18 Smallpox Jan 23, 1734 151
Nov 22, 1736 Philadelphia 3 Smallpox April 27, 1737 156
Dec 14, 1737 Martha's Vineyard 4 Smallpox Jan 20, 1738 37
April 19, 1739 Jamaica 20 Smallpox June 7, 1739 49
June 8, 1739 Rhode Island 1 Smallpox Sept 13, 1739 97
Sept 15, 1739 St. Thomas 2 Smallpox May 5, 1740 232
Nov 13, 1738 South Carolina 22 Smallpox Sept 27, 1739 318
Sept 9, 1741 Philadelphia 59 Yellow Fever Nov 16, 1741 68
Nov 19, 1743 Mediterranean ports Plague July 15, 1744 239
Feb 5, 1745 New York 26 Smallpox Termination NS NA
Feb 5, 1745 Connecticut ports 26 Smallpox April 1, 1747 785
Oct 16, 1745 Cape Breton 25 Fevers/Distempers Oct 2, 1749 1447
Dec 4, 1745 New York 24 Smallpox Termination NS NA
Sept 26, 1750 Philadelphia 23 Smallpox Termination NS NA
Nov 19, 1751 Rhode Island 58 Smallpox Termination NS NA
May 31, 1756 Nova Scotia 11 Fevers/Distempers Aug 30, 1756 91
June 17, 1756 Philadelphia 6 Smallpox May 29, 1758 711
Oct 18, 1757 Halifax 21 Smallpox June 22, 1758 248
Jan 18, 1758 New York 5 Smallpox May 29, 1758 132
Oct 7, 1762 Havana, Philadelphia, New York 12 Yellow Fever May 22, 1763 227
March 7, 1763 Charleston, SC 13 Smallpox July 30, 1763 145
April 29, 1765 Barbadoes & Maryland 7 Smallpox Nov 2, 1765 186
April 13, 1787 Halifax 8 Smallpox 15 June 20, 1787 68
Sept 21, 1793 Philadelphia 9 Yellow Fever Feb 1794 133
Oct 6, 1794 Baltimore 17 Infectious Disorder 14 Nov 5, 1794 30
Aug 5, 1798 West Indies 10 Yellow Fever Oct 29, 1798 85
Sept 10, 1798 Philadelphia, New York, New London & Newport 16 Yellow Fever July 25, 1799 318

Independent Board of Health (1799-1822)
June 21, 1799 West Indies, South America Yellow fever Nov 13, 1799 145
May 1, 1800 Cape Verde, West Indies, Africa or Americas south of the tropics or within the straits of Gibraltar 61 Yellow fever Nov 6, 1800 189
May 16, 1801 Cape Verde, West Indies, Africa or Americas south of the tropics or within the straits of Gibraltar 55 Contagious disorders Oct 31, 1801 168
May 5, 1802 Cape Verde, West Indies, Africa or Americas south of the tropics or within the straits of Gibraltar or any vessels that is infectious 62 Contagious disorders Oct 20, 1802 168
Aug 11, 1803 New York 28 Malignant fevers Nov 3, 1803 84
Sept 17, 1803 Philadelphia 27 Contagious sickness Oct 25, 1803 38
May 15, 1804 Cape Verde, West Indies, Africa or Americas south of the tropics or within the straits of Gibraltar or any vessels that is infectious 41 Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1804 158
May 1, 1805 Cape Verde, West Indies, Africa or Americas south of the tropics or within the straits of Gibraltar or any vessels that is infectious 42 Contagious sickness Nov 3, 1805 186
Sept 9, 1805 New York & Philadelphia 40 Yellow fever Nov 3, 1805 55
Oct 2, 1805 Savannah 60 Yellow Fever Nov 3, 1805 32
May 20, 1806 West Indies or tropical ports 44 Contagious sickness Oct 25, 1806 158
May 25, 1807 West Indies, or tropical ports 45 Contagious sickness Oct 25, 1807 153
May 25, 1807 Cuba, Savannah, and Charleston Malignant fever Nov 11, 1807 170
May 23, 1808 Cape Verde, West Indies, Africa or Americas in tropics or within traits of Gibraltar 46 Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1808 150
May 22, 1809 West Indies, tropical ports or in straits of Gibraltar 47 Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1809 151
May 21, 1810 West Indies, tropical ports or in straits of Gibraltar 48 Contagious sickness Oct 28, 1810 160
Sept 11, 1810 Ports south of Ocracock Bar in the United States 51 Contagious sickness Oct 25, 1810 44
May 20, 1811 West Indies, tropical ports or in straits of Gibraltar 49 Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1811 153
Sept 16, 1811 North & South Carolina, Georgia, New Orleans 50 Contagious sickness Oct 28, 1811 42
May 18, 1812 West Indies, tropical ports or in straits of Gibraltar Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1812 155
August 3, 1812 Foreign vessels (War of 1812)64 Contagious sickness Feb 18, 1815 929
May 24, 1813 West Indies, tropical ports or in straits of Gibraltar Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1813 149
May 16, 1814 West Indies, tropical ports or in straits of Gibraltar Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1814 157
May 3, 1815 West Indies, tropical ports or in straits of Gibraltar 52 Contagious sickness Oct 15, 1815 165
May 3, 1816 West Indies, British Provinces of N. America, tropical ports or within the straits of Gibraltar Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1816 170
May 20, 1817 West Indies, British Provinces of N. America,  tropical ports or within straits of Gibraltar Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1817 153
July 25, 1817 Savannah, Georgia 53 Yellow Fever Oct 20, 1817 87
May 20, 1818 West Indies, British Provinces of N. America, tropical ports or within straits of Gibraltar Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1818 153
May 20, 1819 West Indies, British Provinces of N. America, tropical ports or within straits of Gibraltar 43 Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1819 153
May 20, 1820 West Indies, British Provinces of North America, tropical ports or within straits of Gibraltar Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1820 153
Aug 21, 1820 Philadelphia Malignant fever Sept 25, 1820 35
May 20, 1821 West Indies, British Provinces of N.America, tropical ports or within straits of Gibraltar Contagious sickness Nov 1, 1821 165
July 23, 1821 Port of Baltimore, Maryland Yellow Fever Nov 1, 1821 101
Board of Health Managed by Boston City Council (1822-1872)
May 20, 1822 West Indies, British Provinces of N. America, tropical ports or within straits of Gibraltar Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1822 153
Aug 27, 1822 New York Malignant fever 57 Nov 4, 1822 69
Oct 12, 1822 New Orleans in the territory of West Florida63 Malignant fever Dec 2, 1822 51
May 20, 1823 West Indies, British Provinces of N. America, tropical ports or within straits of Gibraltar Contagious sickness Oct 20, 1823 153
June 15, 1824 West Indies, British Provinces of N. America, tropical ports or within straits of Gibraltar Contagious disease Sept 15, 1824 92
Aug 8, 1824 New Orleans32 Yellow Fever Nov 17,1825 101
Sept 14, 1824 Cuba, Charleston, New Orleans33 Yellow Fever Termination NS NA
Aug 28, 1825 New Orleans34 Yellow Fever Termination NS NA
Aug 8, 1831 Baltic Region 35 Dec 12, 1831 126
Jan 15, 1832 Port Smyrna, New Castle, Sunderland Cholera Termination NS NA
Jan 23, 1832 Cholera infected ports Cholera Termination NS NA
March 19, 1832 Great Britain (England, Ireland, Scotland)54 Cholera Termination NS NA
June 2, 1832 France and Ireland 36 Cholera Termination NS NA
June 18, 1832 British Provinces, Eastport Maine, Lubec & Montreal37 Cholera Termination NS NA
June 20, 1832 Passamaquoddy Bay38 Cholera Termination NS NA
Sept 17, 1832 Eastern Seaboard Cholera Termination NS NA
Jan 3, 1840 Charleston, SC 39 Yellow fever Jan 31, 1840 28
May 20, 1847 Vessels with immigrants on board Ship fever Oct 24, 1848 523
July 1, 1849 Vessels with fruit 29 Cholera Dec 3, 1849 155
Aug 8, 1849 Cholera at home Cholera No termination date
Aug 27, 1853 Yellow fever vessels Yellow fever Oct 3, 1853 37
Oct 31, 1853 Sickness on board or immigrants No termination date
Sept 17, 1855 Baltimore, Ports south of Baltimore Yellow fever Oct 20, 1855 33
Aug 18, 1856 Yellow fever infected vessels Yellow fever Oct 31, 1856 74
July 13, 1857 Vessels with sick on board Yellow fever Oct 26, 1857 105
June 28, 1858 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1858 126
June 27, 1859 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1859 127
June 25, 1860 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1860 129
June 18, 1861 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1861 136
June 16, 1862 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1862 138
June 15, 1863 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1863 139
June 13, 1864 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1864 141
June 15, 1865 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1865 139
June 25, 1866 American ports south of Virginia Contagious disease Oct 25, 1866 122
July 18, 1867 American ports south of Virginia Contagious disease Nov 1, 1867 106
June 22, 1868 Infected ports and American ports south of Virginia Contagious disease Dec 1, 1868 162
June 28, 1869 Infected ports and American ports south of Virginia Contagious disease Nov 1, 1869 126
Aug 23, 1869 Europe, Mediterranean, Cape Verde, Canary, West Indies, Bahama, Bermuda, Virginia, ports to south Contagious disease Nov 1, 1869 70
June 1, 1870 Europe, Mediterranean, Cape Verde, Canary, West Indies, Bahama, Bermuda, Virginia, ports to south Contagious disease Nov 1, 1870 153
June 1, 1871 Europe, Mediterranean, Cape Verde, Canary, West Indies, Bahama, Bermuda, Virginia and ports to south & vessels touching these ports Contagious disease Nov 1, 1871 153
June 1, 1872 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1872 153

Board of Health Managed by Appointed Medical Professionals (1873-1915)
March 7, 1873 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease
March 14, 1873 un-vaccinated immigrants Susceptible May 1, 1873
June 1, 1873 Europe, Mediterranean, Cape Verde, Canary, West Indies, Bahamas, Bermuda, Virginia & point south Not Specified 65 Nov 1, 1873 153
June 1, 1874 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1874 153
June 1, 1875 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1875 153
June 1, 1876 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Oct 31, 1876 152
June 1, 1877 Vessels with sick on board Contagious disease Nov 1, 1877 153
June 1, 1878 Europe, Mediterranean, Cape Verde, Canary, West Indies, Bahama, Bermuda, Virginia, ports to south Contagious disease Nov 1, 1878 153
June 1, 1879 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Nov 1, 1879 153
June 1, 1880 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Nov 1, 1880 153
May 15, 1881 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Nov 1, 1881 170
Nov 14, 1881 un-vaccinated immigrants Susceptible
May 15, 1882 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Nov 1, 1882 170
Nov 13, 1883 Rags, paper, hair, hides, wool Cholera Feb 1, 1889
June 1, 1884 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Nov 1, 1884 153
June 1, 1885 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Nov 1, 1885 153
June 1, 1886 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Nov 1, 1886 153
June 1, 1887 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Nov 1, 1887 153
June 1, 1888 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Nov 1, 1888 153
June 1, 1889 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Oct 31, 1889 152
June 1, 1890 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Oct 31, 1890 152
June 1, 1891 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Oct 31, 1891 152
Feb 20, 1892 Russian ports Cholera Oct 31, 1892 253
Sept 1, 1892 Immigrants (clothing disinfection) Cholera
June 1, 1893 Virginia and ports to the south Contagious disease Nov 1, 1893 153
June 1, 1893 West India, Bahama, Bermuda, & Mexico Contagious disease Dec 31, 1893 213
Jan 1, 1894 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Dec 31, 1894 365
June 1, 1894 Virginia and ports to the south Contagious disease Nov 1, 1894 153
Jan 1, 1895 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Dec 31, 1895 365
Jan 1, 1896 Ports defined in 1878 Contagious disease Dec 31, 1896 365
June 1, 1896 Virginia and ports to the south Contagious disease Oct 31, 1896 152
Jan 1, 1897 Ports defined in 1878 (except British Prov.) Contagious disease Dec 31, 1897 365
June 1, 1897 Virginia and ports to the south Contagious disease Oct 31, 1897 152
Jan 1, 1898 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease Dec 31, 1898 365
June 1, 1898 Virginia and ports to the south Contagious disease Nov 15, 1898 167
Jan 1, 1899 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease Dec 31, 1899 365
June 1, 1899 Virginia and ports to the south Contagious disease Nov 1, 1899 153
Aug 2, 1899 Viriginia and ports to the south Contagious disease Aug 12, 1899 10
1-Jan-1900 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1900 265
June 1, 1900 Virginia and ports to the south Contagious disease 1-Nov-1900 153
1-Jan-1901 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1901 365
June 1, 1901 Virginia and ports to the south Contagious disease 1-Nov-1901 153
1-Jan-1902 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1902 365
1-Jun-1902 Virginia and ports to the south Contagious disease 15-Oct-1902 136
1-Jan-1903 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1903 365
1-Jun-1903 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 15-Oct-1903 136
1-Jan-1904 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1904 365
June 1, 1904 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 1-Oct-1904 122
1-Jan-1905 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1905 365
1-Jun-1905 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 1-Oct-1905 122
1-Jan-1906 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1906 365
June 1, 1906 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 1-Nov-1906 153
1-Jan-1907 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1907 365
June 1, 1907 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 1-Nov-1907 153
1-Jan-1908 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1908 365
June 1, 1908 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 1-Nov-1908 153
1-Jan-1909 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1909 365
June 1, 1909 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 1-Nov-1909 153
1-Jan-1910 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1910 365
1-Jan-1910 American gulf ports & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 31-Dec-1910 365
1-Jan-1911 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1911 365
1-Jun-1911 American gulf ports & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 31-Oct-1911 152
1-Jan-1912 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1912 365
June 1, 1912 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 31-Oct-1912 152
1-Jan-1913 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1913 365
June 1, 1913 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 31-Oct-1913 152
1-Jan-1914 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1914 365
June 1, 1914 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 31-Oct-1914 152
1-Jan-1915 Ports defined in 1897 Contagious disease 31-Dec-1915 365
June 1, 1915 Virginia, ports to south & Puerto Rico Contagious disease 31-Oct-1915 152
Average Duration Total Years in Q % of Period Years in Q
1721 to 1798 294 19 0.25
1799-1821 165 14 0.64
1822-1872 127 10 0.21
1873-1915 229 40 0.96
Termination NS = termination date Not Specified
Note 1: See Page 183 of Selectmen's Minutes of 1739
Note 2: See page 201 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1739. While the quarantine order was not rescinded, vessels from St. Thomas began arriving on May 5, 1740. See Boston Post Boy, May 5, 1740, p. 4.
Note 3: See page 39 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1737
Note 4: See page 95 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1738
Note 5: See page 72 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1758
Note 6: See page 41 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1756
Note 7: See page 147 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1765. The quarantine was terminated by November 2, 1765 as evidenced by the acceptance of vessels from Annapolis (see Boston Evening Post, November 4, 1765, p. 3)
Note 8: See page 12 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1787
Note 9: See page 213 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1793
Note 10: See page 337 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1798
Note 11: See pages 39 and  44 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1756
Note 12: See page 220 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1762 and page 264 of the minutes of 1763
Note 13: See pages 250 and 273 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1763
Note 14: This was determined to be Yellow Fever even though it was initially reported as an Infectious disorder
Note 15: See page 23 of the Selectmen's Minutes of 1787, Vol. 27
Note 16: See Boston Record Commissioners, Selectmen's Minutes 1787-1798, Vol. 27, p. 340-1
Note 17: Boston Gazette, October 6, 1794, p. 3. This is the fist listing of an epidemic in Baltimore
Note 18: See page 245 of Selectmen's Minutes of 1733, Vol. 13. Page 2 of the Boston Newsletter of January 17, 1734 shows vessels arriving from Jamaica in Boston, suggesting the end of the quarantine despite any formal rescinding of the quarantine order of the previous year.
Note 19: Acts and Resolves of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Vol. II, 1874, Chapter 3, pp. 228-9
Note 20: American Weekly Mercury, June 7, 1739, p. 9. lists termination date
Note 21: Boston Newsletter, June 22, 1758, p. 3 lists date of quarantine order
Note 22: Boston Gazette, November 13, 1738 p.2 lists notice of outbreak but not quarantine details
Note 22 Continued: History of South Carolina as Royal Government, 1719-1776, p. 413-4.
Note 23: See Selectmen's Minutes of 1750, Vol. 17, p.248.
Note 24: See Selectmen's Minutes of 1745, Vol. 17, p. 126.
Note 25: See Selectmen's Minutes of 1745, Vol. 17, p. 121. While there was no rescinding order for the quarantine, vessels from Cape Breton began arriving on October 2, 1749, See Boston Evening Transcript, October 2, 1749, p. 1.
Note 26: Boston Evening Post, February 10, 1745, p.2
Note 27: The 1803 quarantine against Philadelphia had no termination date but the epidemic ended October 25, 1803, see New England Palladium, October 25, 1803, p.2.
Note 28: The 1803 quarantine against New York had no termination date but the epidemic ended on November 5, 1803, see Columbian Centinel, November 5, 1803, p. 2
Note 29: Boston Evening Transcript, Boston Daily Atlas and minutes of the Boston Board of Aldermen, for data for 1849 to 1866.
Note 30: Minutes of the Boston City Council for 1866 to 1872.
Note 31: Annual Report of the Boston Board of Health for period 1873 to 1915.
Note 32: Minutes of the Boston Board of Aldermen for 1824, p. 310.
Note 33: Minutes of the Boston Board of Aldermen for 1824, p. 335.
Note 34: Minutes of the Boston Board of Aldermen for 1825, p. 283.
Note 35: Minutes of the Boston Board of Aldermen for 1831, p. 203.
Note 36: Minutes of Boston Board of Aldermen for 1832, p. 221.
Note 37: Minutes of the Boston Board of Aldermen for 1832, p. 240.
Note 38: Minutes of the Boston Board of Aldermen for 1832, p. 250.
Note 39:  Minutes of the Boston Board of Aldermen for 1840. See Southern Patriot, November 4, 1839, p.2 for details of the yellow fever outbreak in Charleston, SC.
Note 40: New England Palladium, September 19, 1805, p 2. The quarantine order is published on this date. 
Note 41: Columbian Centinel, May 16, 1804, p 2.
Note 42: Columbian Centinel April 27, 1805 p. 3.
Note 43: Boston Patriot and Daily Chronicle, May 17, 1819, p. 3. The quarantine order for 1819 was issued in this paper.
Note 44: Repertory, May 11, 1806, p. 2 Quarantine regulations for Boston were published on this date although the issue date indicates April 21, 1806. The order rescinding the quarantine period for 1806 was issued October 20, 1806 and published in the Columbian Centinel, October 22, 1806, page 2.
Note 45: Columbian Centinel, May 13, 1807, p. 1. The Quarantine regulations for Boston were published on this date although the issue date indicates May 11, 1807.
Note 46: Columbian Centinel, May 7, 1808, p. 1. The Quarantine regulations for Boston were published on this date although the issue date indicates May 2, 1808.
Note 47: Columbian Centinel, May 19, 1809, p. 1. The Quarantine regulations for Boston were published on this date although the issue date indicates May 1, 1809.
Note 48: Columbian Centinel, April 28, 1810, p. 1. The Quarantine regulations for Boston were published on this date although the issue date indicates April 21, 1810.
Note 49: Columbian Centinel, May 4, 1811, 1, The Quarantine regulations for the Boston were published on this date although the issue date indicates April 15, 1811.
Note 50: Independent Chronicle, September 19, 1811, p. 3. No termination date listed for this quarantine order against North & South Carolina, Georgia and New Orleans but the overall quarantine for the year ended October 28, 1811, New England Palladium, October 29, 1811, p.2.
Note 51: Independent Chronicle, September 20, 1810, p. 4. No termination date listed for the quarantine order against ports south of Ocracock Bar. However, the general quarantine was terminated on October 25, 1810. See Boston Gazette, October 25, 1810, Issue 35, p. 2
Note 52: Columbian Centinel, April 16, 1815, p. 1, this paper announced the quarantine regulations and the termination was announced in the Boston Daily Advertiser on October 19, 1815, p2.
Note 53: Columbian Centinel, July 30, 1817, p. 1. This newspaper released the quarantine order against Savannah and it also made the rate statement of limiting the order to October 20, 1817. Dr. George Sternbereg indicated the epidemic in Savannah was Yellow Fever. See The Report on the Etiology and Prevention of Yellow Fever,Washington DC, USGPO, 1890,  p. 45
Note 54: Boston Daily Courier, March 26, 1832, p. 2. This newspaper announced the quarantine order against Great Britain.
Note 55:Independent Chronicle, October 29, 1801, p. 2. This newspaper announced the termination of the 1801 seasonal quarantine order.
Note 56:  Columbian Centinel, October 24, 1821, p. 1 This newspaper announced an extension of the normal quarantine until November 1st.
Note 57: The 1822 malignant fever in New York was later defined as yellow fever after the quarantine was enacted. The quarantine was terminated on November 4, 1822. See Columbian Centinel, November 6, 1822, issue 4025, page 3.
Note 58: Boston Post Boy, November 25, 1751, Issue 883., p.2. This article announces a land-side quarantine against Rhode Island.
Note 59: There was no termination date on the yellow fever quarantine of Philadelphia. However, the Boston Gazette reported vessels arriving from Philadelphia into Boston harbor on November 16, 1741. See Boston Gazette, November 17, 1741, issue 1030, page 4.
Note 60: The quarantine order against Savannah was issued on October 2, 1805 and published in the Columbian Centinel on October 5, 1805, Vol. 44, Issue 10, page 2.
Note 61: The quarantine order for 1800 was rescinded on November 6, 1800. See the Independent Chronicle and Universal Advertiser of November 3, 1800, Vol. XXXII, Issue 2047, page 1.
Note 62: The quarantine order was rescinded for the year 1802 on October 20, 1802 with an article published in the Columbian Centinel on October 20, 1802, Vol. XXXVIII, Issue 15, page 3.
Note 63: The quarantine against New Orleans and Pensacola was issued on October 12, 1822 and published in the Columbian Centinel of October 30, 1822, Issue 4023, page 4. The quarantine was rescinded on December 2, 1822 and published in the Columbian Centinel of December 11, 1822, Issue 4035, page 4.
Note 64: The termination of the quarantine against foreign vessels in the War of 1812 was never published. The Treaty of Ghent took effect on February 18, 1815 and this is the date used for the presumed termination of quarantine against foreign vessels arriving in Boston.
Note 65: The quarantine order of June 1, 1873 was published in the June 5, 1873 issue of the Boston Globe, p. 2
Trends for the period 1721 to 1799
Smallpox = 17 American ports = 17
Yellow Fever = 5 European ports = 3
Plague = 2 Caribbean ports = 7
Fevers/Distempers = 4 South America = 1
Suspicious Port = 1 Canadian ports = 4
Trends in Quarantine Orders
1720-29 2
1730-39 7
1740-9 6
1750-9 5
1760-9 3
1770-9 0
1780-9 1
1790-9 5
1800-9 14
1810-9 14
1820-9 12
1830-9 8
1840-9 4
1850-9 7
1860-9 11
1870-9 12
1880-9 11
1890-9 18
1900-9 20
1910-5 12
Total 172
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